XR Trilingual Glossary

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
Affector	Affecteur	مؤثّر	CC	Object that modifies properties of other objects in the scene (position, colour, size).
Affordance	Affordance	المتاحية	XR	Perceivable property of an object that suggests how it should be used. In XR, shape and motion indicate how to grab, rotate, or push an object.
Avatar	Avatar	صورة رمزية (Avatar)	VR	Visual representation of the player or user in a VR space. May be realistic or stylised. Related to the Proteus effect (Yee & Bailenson 2007).
Cellular automaton	Automate cellulaire	أتمتة خلوية	CC	Grid of cells whose state evolves according to local rules (neighbourhood). Canonical example: Game of Life (Conway, 1970).
Generative algorithm	Algorithme génératif	خوارزمية توليدية	CC	Set of rules producing variations of a structure without specifying each one individually.
Generative art	Art génératif	فن توليدي	CC	Art created via an autonomous system (algorithm, rules, randomness). The system produces the work, not the artist directly.
Procedural animation	Animation procédurale	حركة إجرائية	CC	Animation generated by computation rather than keyframes.
Spatial anchor	Ancrage spatial	مرساة مكانية	AR	Geolocated or physically attached reference point allowing an AR object to be placed persistently.

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
Bloom	Bloom	Bloom	XR+CC	Luminous halo effect around very bright areas — common GPU post-processing in XR rendering and shaders.
Boids	Boids	Boids	CC	Group behaviour simulation model (flocking birds, fish schools) using 3 rules: separation, alignment, cohesion. Craig Reynolds, SIGGRAPH 1987.
Rendering loop	Boucle de rendu	حلقة التصيير	XR+CC	Cycle repeated each frame: state update + render calculation + display. In p5.js: draw(). In Unity: Update() + Render.

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
Canvas	Canvas	لوحة رسم (Canvas)	CC	Digital drawing surface (HTML Canvas, p5.js canvas) on which shapes are drawn.
Cloud anchor	Cloud anchor	مرساة سحابية	AR	Cloud-shared spatial anchor allowing multiple devices to see the same AR object in the same position.
Creative coding	Creative coding	برمجة إبداعية	CC	Practice where code is a means of artistic or conceptual expression, not a functional tool.
Cybersickness	Cybersickness	دوار الواقع الافتراضي	VR	Motion-sickness-like malaise caused by a mismatch between visual and vestibular perception in VR. Minimised by framerate ≥60 fps and latency <20ms. LaViola, 2000.
Milgram continuum	Continuum de Milgram	تواصل ميلغرام	XR	Spectrum from pure reality to pure virtuality, defined by Milgram & Kishino (1994). AR and VR are points on this spectrum.
Polar coordinates	Coordonnées polaires	إحداثيات قطبية	CC	Reference by distance and angle rather than cartesian x,y. Naturally suited to circles, spirals, waves.
Vector field	Champ de vecteurs	حقل اتجاه	CC	Association of a direction vector with each point in space. Particles follow the local vector to move.
Visual comfort	Confort visuel	الراحة البصرية	XR	Absence of eye strain or cybersickness caused by inadequate rendering. Depends on framerate, latency and stereoscopy.

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
Data art	Data art	فن البيانات	CC	Transformation of data into visual forms with a narrative or aesthetic intent. Beyond simple information visualisation.
Degrees of freedom (DoF)	DoF (degrés de liberté)	درجات الحرية (DoF)	VR	Number of independent axes of movement. 3DoF = rotation only. 6DoF = rotation + translation.
Demoscene	Demoscene	مشهد الديمو	CC	Creative culture born in the 1980s around producing real-time demos in minimal size (64kb, 4kb, 256b). At the origin of the shader movement.
Determinism	Déterminisme	حتمية	CC	A deterministic programme always produces the same result with the same inputs. Ensured by randomSeed() / noiseSeed().

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
Easing	Easing	تخفيف (Easing)	XR+CC	Interpolation curve (ease-in, ease-out) for animations with natural motion.
Proteus effect	Effet Protée	تأثير بروتيوس	VR	Phenomenon where avatar appearance influences user behaviour. Yee & Bailenson (2007). DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2958.2007.00299.x

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
FFT (Fast Fourier Transform)	FFT	تحليل فورييه السريع (FFT)	CC	Decomposition of an audio signal into component frequencies. Basis of audio-reactive systems.
Fragment shader	Fragment shader	شيدر الشظايا	XR+CC	GPU programme calculating the colour of each pixel independently and in parallel.
Framerate	Framerate	معدل الإطارات	XR+CC	Number of frames generated per second (fps). Recommended minimum: 60 fps (XR), 90 fps (immersive VR).
Multimodal feedback	Feedback multimodal	ردود الفعل متعددة الحواس	XR	Information return combining multiple sensory channels: visual, audio, haptic. Reinforces presence and affordance.

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
GLSL	GLSL	GLSL	XR+CC	OpenGL Shading Language — GPU shader programming language. Basis of Shadertoy, The Book of Shaders, and Unity/Unreal materials.
GPU	GPU	وحدة معالجة الرسومات (GPU)	XR+CC	Graphics Processing Unit — parallel processor computing thousands of pixels or vertices simultaneously. Key to XR performance and shaders.

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
Hand tracking	Hand tracking	تتبع اليد	XR	Real-time tracking of hands and fingers without a physical controller, using embedded cameras. Available on Quest 3, HoloLens 2, Vision Pro.
Haptic	Haptique	لمسي (Haptique)	XR	Tactile or vibration feedback. Reinforces presence in VR.
Head-mounted display (HMD)	Head-mounted display	شاشة رأسية (HMD)	XR	Screen worn on the head, found in AR headsets (HoloLens, Magic Leap) and VR headsets (Quest, Vive, Vision Pro).
HRTF	HRTF	HRTF	VR	Head-Related Transfer Function — audio spatialisation model simulating directional perception through the ears and pinna. Crucial for VR spatial audio.

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
Immersion	Immersion	انغماس (Immersion)	VR	Degree of sensory closure of an XR system. Property of the system, not the user. Slater & Wilbur, 1997.
Instance	Instance	نسخة	CC	Concrete occurrence of a class — object created from a template (new Particle()).
Interpolation	Interpolation	استيفاء	XR+CC	Calculation of an intermediate value between two known values. lerp() in p5.js, Mathf.Lerp in Unity.
Keyframe	Image clé	إطار مفتاحي	XR+CC	Value of a parameter at a given moment, between which the engine automatically interpolates.

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
L-system	L-système	نظام L	CC	Formal rewriting grammar introduced by Aristid Lindenmayer (1968) to model plant growth. Basis of algorithmic trees, plants and fractals.
Latency	Latence (XR)	زمن الاستجابة	XR	Delay between user action and corresponding render. Critical threshold: <20ms to avoid cybersickness.
lerp()	lerp()	lerp()	XR+CC	Linear interpolation between two values: lerp(a, b, t) = a + (b-a) * t.
LOD (Level of Detail)	LOD	مستوى التفاصيل (LOD)	VR	Optimisation technique replacing a 3D model with a less detailed version at distance. Reduces GPU cost.
Locomotion	Locomotion	التنقل (Locomotion)	VR	Movement mechanism in VR space: teleportation, continuous movement, physical walking (room-scale).

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
map()	map()	map()	CC	Function transforming one range of values into another. Fundamental for calibrating visual parameters.
Marker / Image target	Marqueur (AR)	علامة تتبع	AR	2D image or physical target serving as an AR detection reference. Example: QR code, painting, logo.
Mixed Reality (MR)	Mixed Reality (MR)	الواقع المختلط (MR)	XR	XR subset where real and virtual objects coexist and interact in real time. HoloLens 2, Magic Leap 2.
Modulo (%)	Modulo (%)	مودولو (%)	CC	Integer division remainder — useful for creating cyclical loops and grids.
Spatial mesh	Maillage spatial	شبكة مكانية	AR	Geometric reconstruction of the physical environment by an AR headset (LiDAR, ToF, stereo). Enables realistic occlusion.

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
Noise	Noise (bruit)	ضجيج	CC	Continuous pseudo-random values. Perlin noise (1985), simplex noise — nearby neighbours = nearby values. Ideal for simulating natural movement.

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
Occlusion	Occlusion	الحجب (Occlusion)	AR	Ability of AR virtual objects to be hidden by real objects, enhancing realism. Requires precise spatial mesh.
openFrameworks	openFrameworks	openFrameworks	CC	Open-source C++ toolkit for creative coding (Zachary Lieberman, 2004). High performance, computer vision, installations.
Oscillation	Oscillation	تذبذب	CC	Repeated movement between two states or positions. Modelled by sin() / cos() in code.

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
p5.js	p5.js	p5.js	CC	JavaScript creative coding framework created by Lauren Lee McCarthy (2013). Browser successor to Processing.
Particle	Particule	جسيم	CC	Entity with position, velocity, acceleration — basis of physical simulations in creative coding.
Perlin noise	Perlin noise	ضجيج بيرلين	CC	Smooth pseudo-random noise invented by Ken Perlin (1985). DOI 10.1145/325334.325247. Fundamental in organic animation and terrain generation.
Presence	Présence	حضور (Presence)	VR	Subjective feeling of "being there" in a virtual environment. User property. Distinct from immersion (system property). Slater & Wilbur, 1997.
Processing	Processing	Processing	CC	Java creative coding environment (Casey Reas & Ben Fry, 2001, MIT Media Lab). setup/draw model.

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
Raycast	Raycast	شعاع تقاطع (Raycast)	XR	Projection of a virtual ray from a position to detect intersection with scene objects. Basis of XR object selection.
Reaction-diffusion	Réaction-diffusion	تفاعل-انتشار	CC	Class of systems where two chemical species diffuse and react. Gray-Scott model (1983) produces complex organic patterns. Turing, 1952.
Recursion	Récursivité	تعاودية	CC	Function that calls itself — basis of fractals, L-systems, trees.
Room-scale	Room-scale	نطاق الغرفة	VR	VR mode where the user's physical space is directly mapped into virtual space. Requires 6DoF and clear floor area.

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
Seed	Seed (graine)	بذرة	CC	Initial value of the pseudo-random algorithm. Same seed = same result. Basis for reproducibility of generative works.
Shader	Shader	شيدر (Shader)	XR+CC	Programme executed on the GPU for real-time visual effects. Fragment shader (pixel colour), vertex shader (vertex position).
Spatial audio	Son spatial	صوت مكاني	XR	Audio with a source positioned in 3D space (HRTF, binaural). Reinforces presence in VR and anchoring in AR.
SUS	SUS (System Usability Scale)	مقياس قابلية الاستخدام SUS	XR	10-item usability questionnaire (Brooke, 1996). Score 0–100. Score ≥70 = "good".

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
Teleportation	Téléportation	نقل فوري	VR	VR locomotion mode that instantly moves the user to a targeted point — reduces cybersickness.
TouchDesigner	TouchDesigner	TouchDesigner	CC	Node-based visual programming environment for real-time installations (Derivative, Toronto, 2000).
Tracking	Tracking	تتبع (Tracking)	XR	Real-time tracking of device or hand position and orientation. Foundation of AR/VR placement.

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
Spatial UI	UI spatiale	واجهة مستخدم مكانية	XR	User interface anchored or floating in 3D space, designed to be read and interacted with at a natural distance (~50–70 cm).

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
Vertex shader	Vertex shader	شيدر الرؤوس	XR+CC	GPU programme calculating the final position of each vertex of a mesh. Enables deformations and mesh effects.
VR (Virtual Reality)	VR (Réalité Virtuelle)	الواقع الافتراضي (VR)	VR	Immersive digital environment entirely replacing the user's visual perception via a headset (HMD).

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
WebXR	WebXR	WebXR	XR	W3C API allowing access to AR/VR capabilities from a web browser. Basis of A-Frame, Three.js XR, Babylon.js.
World-locking	World-locking	تثبيت العالم	AR	Technique keeping AR objects anchored at fixed positions in real space, even as the user moves.

EN	FR	AR	Domain	Definition
XR (Extended Reality)	XR (Extended Reality)	الواقع الممتد (XR)	XR	Umbrella term covering AR, VR and MR — all technologies that modify or replace the perception of reality.

Related courses

Creative Coding Bible Augmented Reality Bible Virtual Reality Bible CC Course Level 1 AR Course Level 1 VR Course Level 1